Also, within an octave the notes should be arranged from C to B and not (as you might expect) from A to G. These numbers are not standardised, so you will need to make it clear which octave number you are using for Middle C. For example, Middle C might be labelled C4, while C5 would be the C note one octave up from it. Each of the staff lines, and the spaces in between them, represent a note relative to Middle C.Īnother convention, often used with computer music, is to follow the note with an octave number. Middle-C will be the white key immediately below (to the left of) the first black key of the two keys you found in the previous step. Find the group of two black keys in the group you located in the previous step. Writing notes on staff lines pinpoints them in a specific octave. The five keys must be ordered as two keys group then three keys group, not the other way around. It is also the note in between the bass and treble staff lines in standard musical notation (more on this later). The 'middle' in Middle C comes from it being the C note in the centre of the piano keyboard. For example, you could refer to 'A above Middle C' as we did earlier. If the exact octave is important, you can relate it to Middle C, which has a frequency of 261.63 Hz. Since notes an octave apart sound similar, a tune played one octave up or down will still sound the same as the original, just higher or lower. The easy answer is that it often doesn't matter. Includes fret measurements (in cm and inches) for building instruments.You might be wondering how to refer to a particular A note, now that we know there are several of them. Notefreqs – A complete table of note frequencies and ratios for midi, piano, guitar, bass, and violin.PySynth – A simple Python-based software synthesizer that prints the key frequencies table and then creates a few demo songs based on that table.interactive piano frequency table – A PHP script allowing the reference pitch of A4 to be altered from 440 Hz."Frequencies of Musical Notes, A4 = 440 Hz". "Australian behind world's grandest piano". Eric Weisstein's Treasure Trove of Music. "Equal Temperament - from Eric Weisstein's Treasure Trove of Music". (Note: these piano key numbers 1-108 are not the n keys in the equations or the table.)įrequency f( n) ( Hz) (Equal temperament) Ĭorresponding open strings on other instruments A 108-key piano that extends from C 0 to B 8 was first built in 2018 by Stuart & Sons. The normal 88 keys were numbered 1–88, with the extra low keys numbered 89–97 and the extra high keys numbered 98–108. Keys shaded gray are rare and only appear on extended pianos. Values in bold are exact on an idealized standard piano. The following equation gives the frequency f (Hz) of the n th key on the idealized standard piano with the 49th key tuned to A 4 at 440 Hz:į ( n ) = ( 2 12 ) n − 49 × 440 Hz = 2 n − 49 12 × 440 Hz List An 88-key piano, with the octaves numbered and Middle C (cyan) and A440 (yellow) highlighted A printable version of the standard key frequencies (only including the 88 keys on a standard piano) This deviation from equal temperament is called the Railsback curve. To compensate for this, octaves are tuned slightly wide, stretched according to the inharmonic characteristics of each instrument. On an actual piano, the ratio between semitones is slightly larger, especially at the high and low ends, where string stiffness causes inharmonicity, i.e., the tendency for the harmonic makeup of each note to run sharp. This list of frequencies is for a theoretically ideal piano. For other tuning schemes, refer to musical tuning. To go from A 4 up three semitones to C 5 (a minor third), multiply 440 Hz three times by the twelfth root of two (or once by the fourth root of two, approximately 1.189207). To go from A 4 up two semitones (one whole tone) to B 4, multiply 440 twice by the twelfth root of two (or once by the sixth root of two, approximately 1.122462). For example, to get the frequency one semitone up from A 4 (A ♯ 4), multiply 440 Hz by the twelfth root of two. The frequency of a pitch is derived by multiplying (ascending) or dividing (descending) the frequency of the previous pitch by the twelfth root of two (approximately 1.059463). A jump from the lowest semitone to the highest semitone in one octave doubles the frequency (for example, the fifth A is 440 Hz and the sixth A is 880 Hz). Every octave is made of twelve steps called semitones. This is a list of the fundamental frequencies in Hertz (cycles per second) of the keys of a modern 88-key standard or 108-key extended piano in twelve-tone equal temperament, with the 49th key, the fifth A (called A 4), tuned to 440 Hz (referred to as A440). JSTOR ( December 2019) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.įind sources: "Piano key frequencies" – news Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.
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